This article was made possible by the National Clinician Scholars Program at Yale University and by Clinical and Translational Science Awards Grant No. TL1 TR001864 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science, a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH. This article was also made possible by support provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Academic Affiliations through the VA/National Clinician Scholars Program and Yale University. The contents do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States government. Both Louisa Holaday and Jasmine Weiss were postdoctoral fellows in the Yale National Clinician Scholars Program when this study was initiated. Holaday currently receives research support through the National Institute on Aging, NIH (Grant No. T32AG066598). Hector Perez receives research support through the National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH (Grant No. K23DA044327). Joseph Ross currently receives research support through Yale University from Johnson & Johnson to develop methods of clinical trial data sharing; from the Medical Device Innovation Consortium as part of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology; from the Food and Drug Administration for the Yale–Mayo Clinic Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation program (Grant No. U01FD005938); from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (Grant No. R01HS022882); from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH (Grants Nos. R01HS025164 and R01HL144644); and from Arnold Ventures to establish the Good Pharma Scorecard at Bioethics International. In addition, Ross is an expert witness at the request of Relator’s attorneys, the Greene Law Firm, in a qui tam suit alleging violations of the False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Statute against Biogen Inc. This material is based on data provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the AAMC. The authors thank Maureen Canavan for assistance with a key coding question, Lindsay Roskovensky for her guidance on the AAMC data, and Karenna Thomas for her assistance in formatting tables.
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